Breeds of Beef Cattle Santa Gertrudis Color
 | |
| Conservation status |
|
|---|---|
| Country of origin | U.s. |
| Distribution | international |
| Utilize | beef |
| Traits | |
| Weight |
|
| Coat | crimson |
| Horn status | horned or polled |
| |
The Santa Gertrudis is an American breed of beef cattle. It is a taurine-indicine hybrid breed, descended from both zebu and European cattle. It was bred in the early twentieth century in Texas, and received official recognition in 1940. It has been exported to many countries including Australia, Brazil and South Africa, and has contributed to the development of a number of modern breeds, among them the Barzona[three] : 290 and the Droughtmaster.[four] : 721
History [edit]
The Santa Gertrudis was developed on the King Ranch in southern Texas. The proper noun derives from that of the Spanish-owned estate of Los Cerros de Santa Gertrudis , where in 1851 the Male monarch Ranch was established.[3] : 290
The ranch was initially stocked with Texas Longhorn cattle. From most 1880 bulls of the British Hereford and Beef Shorthorn breeds were used to ameliorate them;[3] : 290 substantial carve up Shorthorn and Hereford herds were kept to supply the bulls.[5] : 115 In 1910 a part-zebuine balderdash, descended from an Ongole balderdash imported in 1906 direct from Bharat, was acquired and was cross-bred with cows of the Shorthorn stock.[3] : 290 The results were promising, and in 1918 the ranch bought 50-2 taurindicine bulls with no less than 75% zebuine parentage, in the hope of creating a composite breed of about 37% zebuine and 62% taurine ancestry. Betwixt 1923 and 1935 a bull named Monkey was extensively used to fix the characteristics of the brood, which was officially recognized by the The states Department of Agriculture in 1940.[3] : 290 All Santa Gertrudis stock descends from this bull.[v] : 124
In 1931 the ranch imported from South Africa eleven cows and 16 bulls of Afrikander stock, with the idea of using them to assist fix the deep red coat color of the new brood. In the event, this was non found to be necessary, and the cattle were sold off; some were used to create the Africangus cross-breed, and others contributed to the evolution of the Barzona.[4] : 759
A breed association was formed in 1951, and the first bulls were sold in the same year.[3] : 290
The Santa Gertrudis has been exported to many countries, and is reported to DAD-IS by 39.[6] In 2021 the total number worldwide was estimated at approximately 72 000. The largest population was reported from South Africa, at approximately 25 000; pregnant numbers were reported from Commonwealth of australia, Brazil, Morocco, Namibia, Paraguay and South Africa.[six]
In the U.s.a. there were 28 000 head in 1975;[2] past 1990 this had fallen to about 15 200, and to only under 8500 in 2000–2001.[7] : 41 In 2013 the population was reported at 5000, and in 2021 the local conservation status was "at risk".[two]
Characteristics [edit]
The cattle are a solid deep cherry-ruddy in color, with only minimal traces of white on the underline; they may be either polled or horned.[3] : 290 They are hardy, with good resistance to ticks and bloat, and good tolerance of heat.[8] Signs of their indicine heritage include a small hump in bulls, medium-large ears, and loose peel with heavy folds below the neck. The coat is smooth and short.[8]
Use [edit]
The Santa Gertrudis is reared for beefiness. It was bred to be amend adjusted than imported British beefiness breeds to the environmental conditions of Texas – the semi-arid landscape, the sub-tropical climate and the abundance of ticks[5] : 115 – and has been exported to a number of other countries where conditions are similar, including Commonwealth of australia, Brazil and Southward Africa.[three] : 290
It has contributed to the development of a number of modern blended breeds, among them the Barzona (with Aberdeen Angus, Afrikander and Hereford in roughly equal proportions); the Brazos (with Hereford and Gelbvieh);[3] : 290 the Droughtmaster (with Beef Shorthorn, Devon, Hereford, Red Brahman, Red Poll, and possibly Afrikander);[4] : 721 and the Santa Cruz (with Gelbvieh and Red Angus).[9] : 51
References [edit]
- ^ Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Beast Genetic Resource, annex to The State of the Earth's Brute Genetic Resources for Food and Agronomics. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the Un. ISBN 9789251057629. Archived 23 June 2020.
- ^ a b c d Breed data sheet: Santa Gertrudis / Us of America (Cattle). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed September 2021.
- ^ a b c d due east f k h i j k Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.One thousand. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Bricklayer's Globe Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 9781780647944.
- ^ a b c Marleen Felius (1995). Cattle Breeds: An Encyclopedia. Doetinchem, Netherlands: Misset. ISBN 9789054390176.
- ^ a b c A.O. Rhoad (1949). The Santa Gertrudis Breed: The Genesis and the Genetics of a New Breed of Beef Cattle. Journal of Heredity. xl (5, May 1949): 115–126. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a106008. (subscription required).
- ^ a b Transboundary breed summary: Cattle: Santa Gertrudis. Domestic Brute Diverseness Data System of the Food and Agronomics Organisation of the Un. Accessed September 2021.
- ^ Harvey D. Blackburn, Terry Stewart, Don Bixby, Paul Siegal, Eric Bradford (2003). U.s. of America: State Report for FAO'southward State of the World's Fauna Genetic Resources. Agronomical Research Service, USDA; National Eye for Genetic Resources Preservation; National Fauna Germplasm Program. Addendum to: Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). The Country of the Globe's Creature Genetic Resources for Nutrient and Agriculture. Rome: Committee on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Archived 10 Jan 2017.
- ^ a b Cattle breeds: Santa Gertrudis. Department of Main Industries, New South Wales Government. Archived 21 June 2019.
- ^ D.Southward. Buchanan and J.A. Lenstra (2015). Breeds of Cattle. In: Dorian J. Garrick, Anatoly Ruvinsky (editors) (2015). The Genetics of Cattle, second edition. Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 9781780642215, pages 33–66.
Farther reading [edit]
- Stephens, M (et al), Handbook of Australian Livestock, Australian Meat & Livestock Export Corporation, 2000 (4th ed), ISBN i 74036 2160
charbonneauexceer.blogspot.com
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Gertrudis_cattle
Belum ada Komentar untuk "Breeds of Beef Cattle Santa Gertrudis Color"
Posting Komentar